Course Title: Linux Operating System

Course Type: Theory + Practical

Duration: One Semester

Eligibility: BCA / MCA / M.Sc. IT Students

Unit I: Introduction to Linux

• History of UNIX and Linux
• Features and advantages of Linux
• Open Source concepts and GNU/GPL
• Linux distributions
• Linux architecture: Kernel, Shell, File System

Unit II: Linux Installation & File System

• Linux installation methods (Dual boot, Virtual Machine)
• Booting process in Linux
• Linux directory structure
• File types and pathnames
• Mounting and unmounting file systems

Unit III: Linux Commands

• Basic commands: ls, pwd, cd, mkdir, rmdir
• File operations: cp, mv, rm, touch
• File viewing: cat, more, less, head, tail
• Editors: vi, nano
• System commands: date, cal, who, uname, history

Unit IV: File Permissions & Process Management

• File ownership and permissions
• Permission modes and access control
• Commands: chmod, chown, chgrp
• Process concepts
• Process commands: ps, top, kill, bg, fg

Unit V: Shell Programming

• Types of shells
• Shell variables and environment variables
• Input/output redirection
• Pipes and filters
• Shell scripting basics
• Conditional statements and loops

Unit VI: Linux Utilities & Networking

• Text processing tools: grep, sort, wc, cut, awk, sed
• Disk management: df, du
• Networking commands: ping, ip/ifconfig, netstat, ssh, scp

Unit VII: System Administration Basics

• User and group management
• Package management
• Backup and restore
• Scheduling jobs using cron
• Introduction to system monitoring

Practical / Lab Work

• Linux installation and configuration
• Practice of Linux commands
• File permission exercises
• Shell script programs
• User and process management

Course Outcomes

Students will be able to:

• Understand Linux architecture and concepts
• Use Linux commands efficiently
• Write basic shell scripts
• Perform basic system administration tasks